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    Essays, Fiction, PoetryNPEs

    Knowing You, Knowing Me

    by bkjax February 23, 2026

    Illegitimate, Maddie Lock’s new memoir,  is the true story of two women who had to uncover the identities of their fathers in order to truly understand themselves. The author reaches back into the history of World War II to tell a remarkable story of self-discovery. Here, she shares an excerpt. 

    Bad Nauheim

     July 2017

     

    A month to immerse myself in German life. A vacation rental with a spacious bedroom, combined living area with a small kitchen and a large Ikea kitchen table. A bathroom with a small shower; I can’t bend over to shave my legs without my ass slapping the tile behind me. Banks of turn-and-tilt windows in all three rooms for maximum light and air flow. A small stone terrace that a bushy-tailed red squirrel and two fat blue jays call home. A charming place to have a light supper of sliced red peppers, cucumber, melon, and a fresh roll slathered with quark— cheese yogurt—beside a piece of salmon.       

    A month to get to know my father.

                A year ago, I rang his bell. When I returned for his 90th birthday bash in December, our time was filled with festivities: Weinachstmarkts gawking, gluhwein drinking, bratwurst eating, and a lot of oohing and aahing. This summer is our time to just hang out. To get to know each other in quiet times. Hopefully, there will also be time to spend with my new brother. Time to talk again. Time to find a definition for our relationship that we can both embrace.

    The trip is topped off with a visit from my son, Jay. He will be joining me in a week to meet his Opa and spend time with his new extended family. Then he and I will fly the few hours to Iceland. On our trip in 2016, we stayed in Reykjavik, drove the Golden Circle, then over to the southern part to see the black sand beaches at Vik. We loved the island so much, we dreamed about going back to Akureyri in the north, where the landscape is completely different. It was after that 2016 trip with him that I went to Germany and found my father. This time, we’ll do the same trip—Iceland, Germany—but in reverse, and like I introduced myself to my father, I’ll be introducing my son to his grandfather.

    My apartment is in a quiet residential neighborhood close to the forest with its many trails. I’ve rented a bicycle. It’s a five-minute downhill ride to Father’s apartment, three minutes to the town center, a minute to a narrow, paved walkway that cuts through to the numerous forest trails. If I want I can ride up to Johannisberg, the small mountain whose ridge offers an excellent restaurant and an even better view of the town, the countryside, and the castle of Friedberg nearby. I attempted the uphill climb one morning but quickly gave up. I’m a flat-Florida girl. Today a ride into the woods took me past a mini farm with two colossal pigs mired in mud. Dusty hens pecked and clucked around the ankles of a middle-aged woman with blonde hair, rugged skin, and a quick smile.

    Beyond her chain link fence lies a plateau of blue-green wheat. On the gravel path through the Hochwald, dense woodland on each side is carpeted in forest detritus. A slight downhill curve leads to adjacent ponds. Each one is graced with age-old willow trees weeping out over the water, trunks laced with moss. As I stood on the narrow plank bridge between them, small waterfowl strode on the thick mat of pond leaves, occasionally dipping their black heads into the murky water. In the adjacent pond, large fish appear out of the gloom only to vanish into the shadows of the weeping willow. A placard erected in front of the pond suggested I may be looking at a muddy catfish. Charcoal clouds hovered in the distance. A hut, its wood blackened with age, contained two benches waiting for those who may need to get out of the rain.

    Later that afternoon, Papa, Niklas, and I were having coffee at an outdoor café called the Hexe Hutte, the Witches Hut.  As we watched children splash in the small neighboring water park, thunder clapped loud and close. Some of the children screamed. A dog asleep underneath the next table bolted up, spun in circles and dove under its owners’ feet. Niklas and I also jumped. My smiling father settled deeper into his chair. Puzzled at his lack of reaction, I looked at his ears. They were empty. Papa had left his hearing aids in the small bowl by his front door. Anni was not home when we left. She’s the one who makes sure he has house keys, his wallet, hat, and sunglasses. She always tries to get him to take his walking stick, but most times he refuses. Anni keeps his life, and him, organized. He gratefully accepts this and anytime we start talking about making plans he tells me to get with her, happy to defer any large or small decision making. 

    Niklas and I gestured for him to finish his coffee, mimicking lifting the cup and drinking. Still sighing contentedly, he settled in even more, nodded at us and took a delicate sip. I pointed to the sky and the wind-tossed tree canopy. He looked up, and with a jolt told us we needed to hurry, come on, let’s go! Niklas looked at me and rolled his eyes. We were barely underway when the skies opened. What a sight we must have been: an old man, an, ahem, mature woman, and a burly young man dashing madly through parking lots and gardens. Home was only five minutes away, but on arrival we shook ourselves like wet dogs.

    My dear Papa. He handed out towels, brought me an ironed, perfectly folded shirt of his. Hurried back into the bedroom. Now came a pair of his jogging pants, also freshly washed and pressed, (goodness, Anni must iron everything) which I declined. Niklas dried off and flounced onto the divan to turn on the television. I argued with my father about not messing up his perfectly ironed clothes. After the rain stopped, I hoofed it back to my flat and changed to return in time for Abendbrot, the traditional German evening meal of bread and cold cuts.

    ***

    Time with my father has been rich and fluid. Initially in awe around him, I’m now comfortable and enjoy small moments in his company. We’ve talked more about his relationship with Mom, although on this subject he remains a man of few words. I can tell he is reluctant, and careful, with what he says. 

    Ach, we were young. We wanted to have fun and took long rides on my motorcycle. We rode to Montabaur and I met her mother. We rode to Switzerland to see her sister Gunda, and then to Sulzbach to visit the Gross Ur-Eltern.. But things didn’t work out, as you know. It was a time I put away, no need to dwell on things that can’t be changed. I hope you understand.

    I do.

    He told me he’s glad we’re able to spend time together. I told him, me too.

    There are challenges, of course. My command of German still isn’t where I wish it to be. The grammar continues to be a bafflement to my Americanized brain. He has challenges, too. Often tells me I can’t see, I can’t hear, his hands waving around his head like angry bees. Even with hearing aids in, gestures and loud repetitions are often necessary. But his energy is remarkable. I tend to forget his advanced age.

    Our conversations are long and boisterous, words and phrases and gestures tossed about. Papa will find a marvelous word and pick it apart in English, German and French, understanding all its meanings and the nuances that may or may not be used interchangeably. He loves the sound of words, as do I. After learning the printing trade, my father began a long career in Germany’s federal printing department responsible for anything official such as banknotes, passports, and driver’s licenses. He beams whenever we discuss books and my writing. His crowded shelves include German versions of some of my favorite books, including Gone with the Wind and Rebecca.

    After the evening meal around 7:00, we often sit and chat as the insistent summer sun takes its slow leave. Tonight I mentioned Kant’s “das ding an sich” (a thing in itself); noumenon as opposed to phenomena: the thing that exists whether we recognize it or not. Thing. Ding. Chose. He went through his litany and then looked at me sternly: do you understand? It’s impossible to fib, even when confession of not understanding will launch him into telling me the same thing in several different ways. For a man who claims to not see well, he is able to look intensely in my eyes to look for truth.

    I reminded him I don’t speak French. He sighed, as if he were speaking to a child who had not done her lessons.

    “Chose. It means a thing.”

    We switched to history. How everyone, even children, drank ale in the Middle Ages as an alternative to dirty water. We discussed an Arquebus—the first long gun—and the disadvantages of needing a tripod to hold it, which in turn led to the more mobile musket. I pulled up photos of the Tower in Sulzbach on my phone and pointed to the remaining unaltered arrow slits.

    “Here you go. The bow and arrow came first. Then the poor guard had to figure out how to balance and aim the Arquebus through these tiny openings. Once he could use a musket his life, and aim, was better, right?”

    He nodded sagely and looked pleased, as if I had learned something after all.

    Our discussions typically become a lively roundabout of hand waving, pointing, arm touching, laughing, sighing, and Google Translate (which he calls that clever machine) between the three of us. Anni often understands my translations first and tells Papa, who cups his ear, then exclaims ah and repeats to confirm understanding, nodding wisely. The time we spend around the table, this warmth and comfort and ease; well, this is something I didn’t have at home, not once, growing up.

     It so feels like family.

    ***

    Papa, Anni, and I take the train from Bad Nauheim to Frankfurt Airport. Jay is on the non-stop flight from Orlando which gets in around 11:00 a.m. I’ve reserved Luka Taxi for the return to Bad Nauheim. My stomach is roiling with nerves. Will Jay like his Opa? Will they be able to communicate well enough, since Jay doesn’t understand German? I don’t want their time together to be awkward. I’ve filled the next few days with walking activities that should take care of uncomfortable silences. My son will enjoy the blackthorn towers with their dissipating salty air and the rejuvenating Kneipp pool in the herb gardens. We have dinner planned at Tiramisu, my favorite Italian eatery close to our rental apartment.

                As Jay appears at the exit with his duffel bag, my eyes well up and spill over. He looks tired and nervous. I grab him in a tight hug and hold on way too long. He shushes me and looks embarrassed. Heads toward my father with his arm outstretched for a handshake. His new Opa and Oma welcome him with big hugs and exclamations of delight, which serves for more embarrassment: here are three old people not able to control their emotions. My son hates a scene, and he looks for the door leading out to the taxis.

    Luka is waiting and loads the duffel into the trunk. Anni and Walter will take the train back so Jay and I can catch up. We will get together again later in the afternoon for coffee.

    ***

    My father has chronicled his life in photos and videos. Years of travel around the world are recorded, often in both stills and movement, then notated with a voice-over. Pages upon pages of detailed written description. As are events with friends and family. During our afternoon coffee at Müllers’ Bakery, I looked back to find him with the video recorder held up to record my pastry selection. Each visit nets me a CD of our time together. He has also Googled my name and found my website, with all my writings and media. They have been printed out and sit in a folder with my name in large letters across the front.

    When Jay and I get to the apartment around 4:00, my father falls into his favorite routine: sharing his life. Often in the afternoons he will open a cabinet, and with his index finger trail the spines of the binders of DVDs he has catalogued until he finds one he wants to share with me. He’ll slip on a huge pair of magnifying goggles so he can see, headphones so he can hear, and inserts his choice into the DVD player. Then he settles in with a small smile. He looks over occasionally to make sure I’m delighted. I smile and nod. He wiggles his bottom into the chair and nods back, satisfied. Or, we get out the photo albums so I can feast my eyes on a happy, healthy mother. Today we delve into the latter, and Jay gets to experience his grandmother as a happy young girl.

    Birthdays, holidays, festival days, vacations; every year has been celebrated. Hair color, body weight, eyeglasses, and clothes, chronicle the changes as time rolled by. I have gotten to know my father’s mother and sister, and their home in Frankfurt which was bombed twice during the Allied invasion. No photos of his father. He told me his parents divorced at the end of the war but did not elaborate. The final video of his sister Bertha shows her in a wheelchair on an outing in a park. She is gaunt, a far cry from the stout and smiling aunt who held me proudly for the camera when I was three. She died a few days after the recorded outing. 

    Papa continues to create a continuum of his existence. With camera or recorder in hand, he saves present moments for the future. He says he doesn’t believe in God: because of the war—especially at the end of the war, when we found what people had done to each other—I knew there couldn’t be a God. What matters is family. And this I know. Their small family has always been close, Oma and Opa happily involved in Niklas’ upbringing. Birthdays and holidays celebrated with various aunts and uncles. When I commented on his diligence in recording the events in his life, he nodded. “I figure one day my memory may go. If it does, I can go back and know I existed.”

    Now my son will be part of those memories. The video camera began in the airport, recording our emotional greeting for posterity. My handsome manchild with the family blue eyes, cropped hair once blonde and now brown, and lush mahogany beard which Papa remarked on with a chuckle, something about the lack of razors in America and the Taliban. Today, he is treated to pictures of me as a child. I’m not so sure about his comfort level. Everything German is foreign to him, and he side-eyes me a few times as if he is looking at a stranger. But he smiles politely, and eventually his shoulders ease as he feels the happiness in the room. Accepts that his mother is more than just his mother.

    We meet my half-brother and his family that night for dinner. The conversation flows, and I notice Jay assessing his cousin, Niklas. They share a similarity in looks, with a strong forehead and deep-set blue eyes. Both handsome. Both strong. They both tend to watch everything and keep opinions to themselves, making it difficult to know what they are thinking. 

    Later that night, back at our apartment, Jay mentions the similarity in looks that he and Niklas share. We end up discussing genetics, and the traits that run through him from multiple nationalities. My husband’s paternal side is mostly English, originated from Anglo Saxons who were Germanic people from Northern Germany and Denmark. His maternal side, the Hungarians, originated from Magyars, an ethnic group from central Russia who ultimately mingled with several races creating a diversity of skin and hair color. My genetics testing shows mostly German, along with a quarter Frankish which also includes Germanic tribes. 

    Although we tend to look at physical features as a manifestation of genetics, so much more goes into family resemblance. My husband has dark brown hair and brown eyes; his mother was blonde and blue-eyed and his father had dark brown hair and brown eyes. Everyone in my German family had or has blue eyes, with blonde or brown hair; I have greenish-blue eyes and so does Jay. As a child, he looked like the perfect “Aryan” specimen, with light blonde hair and those blue eyes, but as he grew into adulthood his hair darkened.

    I think about the children who were taken from their families in other countries to be “Germanized” because they met the physical criteria of what was considered desirable and superior. What would have happened to my son once his hair changed color?

    ***

    Papa calls himself a pessimist, but I disagree. So does Anni. When he adamantly makes statements about the sorry state of people, the country, the world, she looks up at the ceiling and shakes her head, a smile playing at the corners of her mouth. In the next sentence, he will extoll virtues of the very subject he just maligned. An understanding of the yin and yang inherent in all things. I would call him a pragmatist at worst, a realist at best. He’s also gregarious. During our frequent outings, he loves to hobnob with folks nearby, which often leads to introductions and a promise to see each other again soon. He always introduces me as meine Tochter aus America. This never fails to get a raised eyebrow, and a curious eye turned on me.

    There are moments in our conversations when his face clouds. If I ask a question about the war. Or sometimes about my childhood. There are memories and feelings he doesn’t wish to share with me. Yet. Time may change that. Or perhaps these are things I don’t need to know.

    One day we were sitting over lunch, and I asked him how many times he was able to arrange a visit with me when I was a child. We had been talking about the video in which I showed off with the red scooter and the hula hoop. I was laughing at my frenetic need for attention, which was so obvious. He stared off for a moment, then looked down. His smile faded. I saw resignation and anger in his face. Not often, he answered. Then he changed the subject.

    He must have been devastated to be denied contact with his child. As a mother, I would find it impossible. At some time, at some point in my life, I heard that his family wanted to take me in, but my angry mother would not have it. I can’t remember where or how I heard this. Or maybe it was wishful thinking.

    For now, I must be satisfied with the time we spend in laughter and discovery. And self-discovery. What I have come to realize is the enormity of reference: of knowing who I am by knowing who my father is. A relief. To have only had my mother as a reference and allowing that reference to be tainted by all the shortcomings I heaped on her, created a sense of incompleteness. We need our parents to reflect from, at least when we are children. Sure, sometime in our early adolescence many of us decide we desperately need to be different than those odd and boring creatures we live with. But if we’re lucky, a secure foundation has been laid that we can balance on. Not all of us get to feel that sense of security.

    Throughout youth and into middle age—and even now if I let it—uncertainty has prevailed.  The Thesaurus offers alternatives: anxiety, ambiguity, ambivalence, confusion, mistrust, skepticism, suspicion, disquiet, indecision, puzzlement, bewilderment. Can I admit that all those synonyms were mine to juggle at any given time? Yes. And the most defining? Lack of confidence. Whenever I tried to figure out why I felt uncertain, the answer that came to mind was that I was misplaced.

    No amount of accomplishment, no amount of attention, no number of reassurances could quell the incessant restlessness I felt. I was that child who sits in the front row in school, frantically waving her hand when she knows an answer: pick me, pick me. Pick me so I can prove that I’m worthwhile. Important decisions I had to make created agony: was it the best one? It wasn’t okay to be okay. I wanted so badly to excel. I wanted to turn the differences I felt into something extraordinary, because I never felt that I could be ordinary and be okay.

    Until I saw the frenetic video of myself, I thought my uncertainty came from being plucked out of my native country and thrown into one so foreign that I was unable to adapt properly. I needed something and someone to blame, so I fixated on the severing of my German umbilical cord. Set adrift, I tapped first one foot and then the other, unable to find solid purchase. I blamed my mother because she made those choices for me.

     But since spending time with Papa, I believe the uncertainty is rooted in early childhood. When I think I have disappointed someone I care deeply for, let them down in some way, my heart seizes before it gallops crazily. Synapses in my brain flash and ignite. I can’t breathe. The guilt is sometimes overwhelming. Should I assume this was ingrained in that child who thought only of herself, callously unresponsive to her grandmother’s wishes to stay out of trouble and harm? A desire for control over my life lies at the heart of it all.

    Mom told me a story about one of my shenanigans, as was told to her by Oma. This makes the veracity iffy at best since the facts have been rearranged in multiple memories multiple times. But as I listened to it, images and smells flooded in, along with my thoughts.

    The child is lounging on the kitchen divan, an afternoon “nap” time— during which naps rarely occurred— when she sits up. Quietly makes her way out of the apartment door, down two flights of freshly waxed mahogany stairs, out the front door, down the sidewalk, across Kantstrasse, and somehow makes her way to the four-lane highway on which cars zip past on the exit road into the town of Montabaur. The police officer who brings her home explains to her shocked Oma that she was found in the middle of the highway, arms flailing first in one direction, then another. Very much as if she were attempting to direct traffic.

    My intentions are unclear as I recall my route to the highway. But the streets I crossed, the asparagus growing along the highway and the sound of the cars zipping by are there. Perhaps I wasn’t “in the middle of the highway” perhaps I was off to the side, in the midst of the wild asparagus. If I were to venture a guess as to motivation, it’s possible that my almost constant uncertainty translated into an immense need for action, for a sense of control. Was this prompted by the father who came and went, a mother who appeared and disappeared? Or by the grandmother who, after raising six children of her own, was handed a responsibility she hadn’t asked for?

    My mother raised me with criticism. I realize now that she may not have known another way to show her concern. The way her life was as a child, with her mother’s need to rely on her at much too tender an age, may have rendered her incapable of giving loving support. Her attempts to guide me translated into do not do this or that bad thing will happen. It is my mother’s life, her fears, that she passed on to me. The stress on Oma to work and provide for six children must have been tremendous. My mother carried the brunt of day-to-day household chores and care for her siblings. One of her greatest fears must have been to fall short of what was expected of her. There was also the specter of legal ramifications. Rules were a way of life, and a breach could bring about a heavy knock on the door, a lack of rations, or worse.

    One clear memory stands out. I was sixteen and hung out with a group, mostly boys, in the first neighborhood we moved to in Florida after Ted retired from the Army. We skipped school occasionally, got high on pot, and caused neighborhood mayhem now and then. One night we found an unoccupied house with a pool and decided to go skinny-dipping. When we finished, we threw all the patio furniture into the pool. As we made our way out, bright lights and three police cars waited for us. Fortunately we were taken home, our parents informed that next time they would have to come to the police station to bail us out. I was put on restriction. My stepfather was livid. When Mom looked at me I saw fear in her eyes. She said something like: Please stay out of trouble until you’re eighteen. Then you won’t be my responsibility anymore.

    I can’t help but wonder about the person I would be had my life been guided by the strong confidence of the father I am coming to know. He is a man of character and high morals. Also loving and understanding. I can only guess at what he was like as a younger man. Perhaps I’m romanticizing. But now, finally, in the encroaching golden years of life, there is hope and a true possibility of belonging. Of fitting my odd-shaped sockets into the proper slots to complete the puzzle picture. With no shadow of insecurity lurking about.

                One thing I was certain of when my son was born: he will be raised in a home of security and love, with every opportunity to be the person he is meant to be. I never want him to feel as if a part of him is missing or dismissed, like I did. The days we spend with Papa and Anni, brother Michael and his family, slide by with ease and enjoyment. As I look back on this trip, I know it became a beautiful and secure bow of the knot that ties us together as family.

    You can preorder the book from Vine Leaves Press. You can also preorder an ePub from Amazon, where you’ll later be able to preorder a print version.

    German-born and adopted by an American Army officer, Maddie Lock graduated with a BA in English Lit from the University of South Florida. She began a freelance journalism career before sidetracking into the corporate business world. After founding and selling a successful multi-million dollar enterprise, she returned to her first love of writing. Maddie is the author of two children’s books, including the RPLA award-winning Ethel the Backyard Dog. Her essays have been published in various journals and anthologies, including the Unleash Conversations anthology in which her essay “The Stranger” won Editor’s Pick. On a trip to her homeland in 2013, Maddie discovered a long-held family secret with tentacles reaching back to Hitler, which began a journey of research, revelation, and redemption. Find out more at www.maddielock.com.

    February 23, 2026 0 comments
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  • ArticlesNPEs

    Unfixed: A Memoir of Family, Mystery and the Currents That Carry You Home

    by bkjax October 1, 2025
    October 1, 2025

    Kimberly Warner’s Unfixed is a wonder. Beyond a mesmerizing story

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  • ArticlesDonor ConceptionNPEs/MPEs

    Q&A with Daniel Groll

    by bkjax April 11, 2022
    April 11, 2022

    Conceiving People: Genetic Knowledge and the Ethics of Sperm and Egg Donation, by Daniel Groll, is a fascinating exploration of attitudes about whether donor offspring are entitled to knowledge of their donors, but the issues and questions it raises are pertinent to adoptees and NPEs/MPEs as well. Comprehensive and academic in approach, it may be challenging to readers not well-versed in philosophical discourse, but it’s key reading for anyone with a stake in the debate over access to genetic knowledge. And although Groll ultimately stands against anonymity in donor conception, some NPEs and MPEs may take exception to some of the arguments that lead him there. Therefore, we asked him to address some of those arguments, and he readily agreed. Severance was the target of a critical article last year in a publication called Real Life that accused it of numerous transgressions, including promoting bionormativity. It insisted that the magazine’s content poses genetic family as measured by DNA as “the norm against which all forms of family should be judged.” It further states that if we view the genetic family as something from which one can be severed, non-genetic family “will inevitably be understood as secondary, extraneous, and even pathological.” Additionally, it charges that those of us looking for genetic information are indicating that “biogenetic kinship is the most true, essential, and valid form of family” and that such a belief places queer families in “legally precarious positions but undermines the larger value of ‘love makes a family’ for all families.” The argument rejects the idea that there can be a desire to know one’s genetic history that is apolitical. Clearly, I don’t believe Severance makes any such assertions, and based on having heard hundreds of stories and experiences, it’s obvious that most of us grew up with non-genetic families. I, for example, was raised by a man who was not my father. He was my family. I didn’t wish to have another father, but I did wish to know who my by biological father was. I didn’t imagine my biological family would be a better family, or a more real family. I simply wished, as I believe most people who lack this information do, to know from whom I got my genes. My question is, how does simply wanting that information valorize traditional families or diminish nontraditional families? Before I answer this, I just want to explain my connection to the issue of donor conception since people inevitably wonder about it. I am a known donor to close friends who have two children. The children know both who and what I am in relation to them. Our families are in regular contact. From the get-go, everyone agreed there would be no secrets and that we all need to be open to how their children understand their experience and let that guide us. Maybe the fact that I’m a donor will cause some of your readers to stop reading, but I hope not.

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  • Short TakesShort Takes: Books

    Surviving the White Gaze

    by bkjax April 1, 2022
    April 1, 2022

    Rebecca Carroll, author, cultural critical, and podcast host, was adopted at birth by a white couple and raised in a predominantly white community in rural New Hampshire, where, as the only black resident, she’d see no one who looked like her until she was six years old. Her father was a high-school art teacher and her biological mother, Tess, had been one of his students. When Tess became pregnant by her older boyfriend who lived in Boston, the teacher and his wife adopted her daughter. Growing up in this white family in this white community, she had no touchstone for what it meant to be black, no mirror of her own blackness to reflect and illuminate who she was. And worse, no one cared. Her only point of reference as a child was Easy Reader from The Electric Company, whom she fantasized was her father. When she first encountered a black person in real life—her ballet teacher—she wondered, “Did she know Easy Reader from The Electric Company? Did she go home at night to live inside the TV with him and the words and letters he carried around with him in the pockets of his jacket?” As she grew older, Carroll was aware of being seen by this teacher in a way her parents did not, yet she was also aware of the differences. “I felt small pangs of fragile awareness regarding who I might be, what my skin color might mean. There were days when I wanted to be, or believed I was, black just like Mrs. Rowland, but it also seemed as though I would have to give something up in order for that to remain true.” She was increasingly aware that unlike her teacher, she moved through the world with the “benefits afforded by white stewardship.” As a transracial adoptee, Carroll had to hurdle barrier after barrier merely to become authentically who she was always meant to be. And considering that the most formidable obstacle to her ability to truly recognize and finally claim her identity as a black woman was her family—both her adoptive parents and her white birthmother—it was an extraordinarily lonely struggle carried out by a force of one. How, isolated in an overwhelmingly white world, could she know what it meant to be black? While Carroll’s adoptive parents were largely oblivious to her need to understand, absorb, and assert her racial identity, her birthmother, Tess, aggressively denied her daughter’s racial and cultural heritage. When they began a relationship, 11-year-old Carroll was curious about and soon enamored of her mother, but learned there was a cost to the relationship. She carried that burden for a long time, making excuses and ignoring her intuition as her birthmother did everything possible to torpedo her growing attempt to construct an understanding of herself as a black woman—gaslighting her, subjecting her to blatantly racist comments, and effectively dispossessing her of the right to her own blackness. She straddled two worlds, ill-fitting in one and made to feel like an imposter in the other.

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  • ArticlesDonor Conception

    Q&A With Peter Boni

    by bkjax March 28, 2022
    March 28, 2022

    In 1995, when Peter J. Boni’s mother experienced a stroke after open heart surgery, the walls she’d built to hold back a secret for nearly half a century crumbled. In rehab, she began to tell visitors what she never told him—that his father wasn’t his father, that he’d been donor conceived. And so began a quest to learn the truth of his origins and the nature of the societal forces that led to the circumstances of his birth—the subject of his new book, Uprooted: Family Trauma, Unknown Origins and the Secretive History of Artificial Insemination. Roughly halfway through his narrative Boni says, “Never doubt my resolve.” But his dogged determination is evident from the first page. Early on, it’s clear that after serving as a US Army Special Operations Team Leader in Vietnam, he was the go-to guy in his business sphere, where he was a successful high-tech CEO/entrepreneur/venture capitalist and more—and he tore into his personal mystery with the same can-do attitude—a tenacity that fueled him through the 22 years it took to solve the puzzle of his parentage. Uprooted is comprised of four parts that add up to exceptional storytelling. It’s compelling memoir of a troubled childhood with an unwell father, a determination to succeed, and the challenges of grappling with the emotional fallout of his family’s secrets. It’s also an exhaustive and insightful account of the history of assisted reproductive technology; a cogent indictment of the flaws of the largely unregulated, multi-billion-dollar industry; and a rallying cry for advocacy with a prescription for change. Boni’s scope is ambitious and he succeeds on every level. Donor conceived people will see themselves reflected in his moving testimony about the consequences and repercussions of the inconvenient truth of donor conception. Many will feel seen and heard as he describes genealogical bewilderment and the roiling emotions aroused by the revelation of family secrets, the shattering of comfortable notions of identity, and the lack of knowledge about his genetic information. It’s a must-read not only for donor conceived people but also for donors and recipient parents as well as fertility practitioners, lawmakers, behavioral health providers, and anyone contemplating creating a family through assisted reproduction. While the actors in a deeply flawed industry who are motivated solely by profit aren’t likely to be swayed by Boni’s arguments or embrace his suggested reforms, Uprooted may fuel a wildfire of advocacy that has the potential to give rise to meaningful legislation, transparency and accountability, and a true cultural shift.

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  • Short Takes: Books

    Body Work

    by bkjax March 15, 2022
    March 15, 2022

    In Body Work: The Radical Power of Personal Narrative, prolific essayist Melissa Febos, author of the memoir Whip Smart; Abandon Me; and the bestselling essay collection Girlhood, blends memoir with insight and guidance about the art of writing, primarily for an audience of memoirists. Why highlight a book about the craft of writing in a magazine for adoptees, donor conceived people, and others who’ve experienced misattributed parentage? What does it have to do with you? Possibly everything. You needn’t be a writer to be inspired and educated by Body Work. The author’s razor-sharp insights are pertinent to anyone who wants to excavate their own truths; interrogate their traumas and their shame; and, especially, take ownership of their narratives. To be adoptees or NPEs* means that part of our stories—the most foundational parts—were taken from us before we could ever know them. They were stolen for a host of reasons, but typically to keep others from facing uncomfortable truths—a theft that not only deflected shame from them but projected it onto us, suggesting that we are its source. Secrets were kept from us, and our stories were rewritten to better fit others’ narratives and preserve their integrity at the expense of our own. Our stories may be hidden behind closed doors, guarded by gatekeepers who insist we have no right to try to open them. If we persist and manage to unlock the doors, those for whom secrecy was in their best interest may tell us that what we discover is not ours to share. Sometimes we tell ourselves these lies.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    A New Guide for NPEs & MPEs

    by bkjax December 10, 2021
    December 10, 2021

    Everyone who’s had a DNA surprise will recognize themselves in the pages of Leeanne R. Hay’s NPE* A Story Guide for Unexpected Discoveries. Hay, a freelance journalist who’s earned certificates from the University of Florida College of Social Work, has crafted a memoir/guidebook hybrid, drawing substantially from her own NPE story and those of others to illustrate common experiences and issues that arise when family secrets are revealed and individuals learn that the families in which they were raised may not be their families of origin. In 2017, on a whim, Hay purchased a DNA test, the results of which were shocking. Not only did she learn that the man who raised her was not her father, she discovered at the same time that her biological father was a man she’d known and loved since she was a child. And there began a quest to learn as much as she could about her origins, her ethnicity, and how such a monumental secret could have been kept from her. She felt rage toward her mother, by then deceased, bewilderment about her ethnic identity, and, soon, an overpowering sense of anger and helplessness. If you’ve had a DNA surprise, these feelings likely will be all too familiar, and Hay offers the much-needed comfort that comes from knowing that you’re not the only one whose ever had these experiences and emotions or the only one who doesn’t know which way to turn. She offers gentle guidance about the range of situations and complications that may arise, from how to communicate an NPE discovery to others, how to use DNA to search for family, how to communicate with new relatives, and how to contemplate and make a name change, as well as the steps needed to move forward. She addresses the emotional pitfalls, including isolation, loss, and grief, and the repercussions for others who are affected by an MPE’s discovery. In addition to noting helpful resources, Hay also advises readers about the need to carefully assess resources to determine if they are truly helpful, expert-based, and reputable.

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  • AdoptionArticles

    A Q&A With Gabrielle Glaser

    by bkjax May 5, 2021
    May 5, 2021

    In 1961, a New York couple sent their seventeen-year-old daughter Margaret to Lakeview Maternity Home on Staten Island, where she gave birth to a boy she named Stephen. In love with her eighteen-year-old boyfriend, George, she was determined to keep the child, but was pressured by her parents as well as social workers at the home and the personnel of the Manhattan adoption agency—Louise Wise Services—to relinquish the baby for adoption. Margaret and George planned to marry, and during the many months when she was separated from Stephen, Margaret held out hope that she and George would prevail against a system that was cruelly stacked against them and regain custody of the child. Ultimately, she was coerced into giving up her parental rights. The boy was adopted and his name changed to David. Margaret had been advised to move on, to forget about her baby. She never did. She went on to marry George and have a family, and all the while her son was never far from her thoughts. Through the years, as health problems emerged in her family, she contacted the Louise Wise agency to provide medical updates for the boy’s parents. The response was always curt. In the early 1980s, inspired by the rise of adoptee activism, Margaret began to search for her son, both for reassurance that he was well and also so he could know she’d never forgotten him and had always loved him. At one point, after her son’s 20th birthday, she gathered her courage, made elaborate preparations to make herself appear undeniably respectable, and knocked at the door of Louise Wise Services, hoping at most for information about her son, and at least for the opportunity to leave her contact information so that he could find her if he wanted to. Four times she rang the bell and tried to plead her case, and three times she was ignored. When she rang for the fourth time, the receptionist advised her that she’d call the police if Margaret didn’t leave. Devastated, Margaret collapsed to the floor and sobbed.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    An Excerpt from Twice a Daughter, by Julie Ryan McGue

    by bkjax May 3, 2021
    May 3, 2021

    Lisa gives me a warm hug, and I introduce her to Jenny. “This is my twin sister.” Her eyes flick from Jenny to me several times. “Wow. You two really do look alike.” Jenny laughs and glances over at me. “About a month ago, we learned through DNA testing that we’re identical.” This isn’t a setup. Jenny and I hadn’t planned on bringing this up today. Tagging on to my sister’s comment, I’m conscious of keeping my voice free of accusation. “When we were adopted, Catholic Charities told my parents that we were fraternal twins. Perhaps you can shed light on how this mistake might have happened?” A slight frown erases Lisa’s smile. “Before coming over here to meet you, I studied your file. Your birth mother did not deliver you here at St. Vincent’s but at a maternity hospital. Whatever information was sent over from the hospital is what would have been captured in the records. I’m sorry for the error, but I’m happy you found out the truth.” So there it is, an apology, leaving me with no one to blame. Lisa’s perfectly arched eyebrows frame her blue-green eyes. Her smile reappears. “Since you’ve already viewed the old photographs down the hall, I’ll show you a few other areas, and then we can finish in the chapel.” We follow Lisa to the old elevator. As she walks, the social worker gathers her long brown hair into one fist and then drops it behind her shoulders. I remember this habit of hers from the post-adoption support group meeting last month. The format of the meeting was simple. After signing in, we went around the U-shaped conference table and stated our name, disclosed whether we were an adoptee, birth parent, or adoptive parent, and then we shared where we were in the search and reunion process. If we brought someone with us, we introduced them. For the icebreaker piece, Lisa asked that we offer a response to this question: “If you could say one thing to the family member you seek, what would that be?”

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  • BooksShort Takes

    Folksong — An Excerpt

    by bkjax February 19, 2021
    February 19, 2021

    DOWN THE RABBIT HOLE Are we better off forgetting the details? I started writing this memoir as a way to process my mother’s death and remember the events surrounding it as they happened before coping mechanisms settled in to destroy the memories in order to protect me. But I haven’t yet been able to write about the actual moment of her death. I’ve been avoiding it. I’ve been avoiding reliving those moments because writing them down will make them real again in my mind and bring me one step closer to a breakdown. My mother went out of this world like she came in. “The Red Menace,” as she was called by someone along the way—probably my father, made her own choice as to when to go. There was no peaceful exit, even though we were there, holding her hands and singing to her. A timebomb went off and simultaneously destroyed her body and my life. Perhaps that sounds dramatic, but I was simply not prepared for the devastation left in her wake or for the PTSD I experienced, like a soldier having returned from war. I’ll be honest: I was a little worried about my mental health in the months after she died. I was able to cope better when I was with my brothers and sister. Maybe something about being together again reminded me that, in spite of the years apart and the distance between us, we are still a family. We grew up together and got on each other’s nerves as children (and still do now as adults). When we are together, I remember I am not just an interloper to their happy little trio. Nothing has changed.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    We Are All Human Beings

    by bkjax February 16, 2021
    February 16, 2021

    Paul Kimball, a 58-year-old successful musician and actor, has wrestled throughout his life with feelings of abandonment after having been adopted. He was born to a young interracial couple, his father an Armenian immigrant from Iraq and his mother a professional cellist from California. His father wasn’t prepared to marry, and his mother may have been fearful of scandalizing her parents—this was the early 1960s, when having a baby out of wedlock was still taboo and interracial coupling still stigmatized—and they planned to abort the baby. It’s not clear what led to a change of heart, but they soon split up, and his mother relinquished Paul when he was one-week-old. He lived in foster care for the next four and a half months, and on his first birthday he was adopted by a loving couple. To examine and give voice to his feelings, he’s written a memoir, We Are All Human Beings: An Adoptee Ponders. It’s an especially apt title because, like many adoptees, Kimball has more questions than answers. He explores the joys, heartbreaks, and complications of reuniting with his birth parents and grapples with the emotional consequences. Here, he offers an excerpt, Chapter 12, which not only describes his initial connection with his birthmother, Wendy. It also expresses his passion for the cello, as evidenced by a tribute to the renowned cellist Jacqueline Du Pre. He wrote the tribute to Du Pre many years before he’d learned about his birthmother and before he’d discovered she, too, played the cello.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    Ancestry Quest

    by bkjax February 8, 2021
    February 8, 2021

    Award-winning journalist Mary Beth Sammons has collected the accounts of people who’ve explored their ancestry, whether through family history, genealogical research, ancestry travel, or DNA testing, and she’s discovered a common denominator among the ancestor seekers. Overwhelmingly, the storytellers find in the discovery and sharing of their stories an experience of healing, a greater sense of wholeness, and a broader understanding of the threads that run through all humanity. In Ancestry Quest: How Stories from the Past Can Heal the Future, Sammons takes as her subject the growing phenomenon of DNA testing and the passion for genealogical research. She describes the quests of seekers in search of their lineages—their quests to solve known family mysteries, to grapple with unexpected revelations, or to look for knowledge with which to better understand their health. For many of these seekers, she writes, “this process has recast entire lives with surprises including shocking lineages, long-lost siblings, and family secrets that might have been buried for decades. For many, it has opened question about heritage, ethnicity, race, culture, and privacy.” And for others, she demonstrates, it validates both vague intuition and long-held suspicions.

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  • ArticlesDNA & Genetic GenealogyDNA SurprisesFamily Secrets

    Q&A with Author Libby Copeland

    by bkjax August 20, 2020
    August 20, 2020

    How long did you spend researching and writing The Lost Family? Altogether, about three years. I first wrote about Alice Collins Plebuch’s fascinating genetic detective story in The Washington Post in early 2017. The response to that story, which was hundreds of emails from other consumers sharing intimate and moving DNA testing stories, convinced me the topic needed to be a book, and I started researching for the proposal soon afterward. But the bulk of the work was done during 2018 and 2019. In The Lost Family, I revisit Alice’s story and tell it much more fully. I was able to travel to Washington State and spend time with her, as well as do historical research going back a hundred years to illuminate her family’s astonishing story. And as I follow her story, I also tell many other tales from people I Interviewed—wrenching, moving stories of how this technology is changing how we see ourselves and how we talk to one another, not to mention how we think about truth and the past. What so intrigued you initially that you were willing to devote so much time and attention to this issue? Did you realize early on how complex the subject would be? I was really intrigued by the idea that questions about genetic origins and family could lead individuals, families, and the culture at large to deep explorations of essential human questions about identity, what makes a family, and how we define ethnicity. The science was indeed quite complex, and so were the experiences of people affected by this technology. I got to interview a lot of genetic genealogists about their techniques and the history of the field, and to tour a DNA testing lab and speak with a number of scientists and historians about human genetics and autosomal DNA testing.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    Who’s Your Daddy? The Age-Old Question

    by bkjax February 10, 2020
    February 10, 2020

    Many of us are preoccupied with the question “Who’s your daddy?” and pin our hopes on science—a DNA test—to provide clarity. According to Nara B. Milanich, author of “Paternity: The Elusive Quest for the Father,” the question has been asked for millennia, but it wasn’t until the early 20th century that people looked to science rather than society for the answer. And while the conundrum has been debated through the ages and far and wide, it’s a far more complex matter than it appears to be, the author argues. Despite science, she insists, there’s still no consensus about who is a father or what it means to be a father. While the need to pinpoint paternity has been driven for various reasons throughout history by a variety of stakeholders—mothers, putative fathers, potential heirs, lawyers, champions of eugenics—there are modern twists. “The orphaned and the adopted have asked this question in relation to lost identities,” says Milanich. “More recently, assisted reproductive technologies—gamete donation, surrogacy—have raised old issue in new ways.” A professor of history at Barnard College, the author traces the history of the understanding of paternity across time and cultures and analyzes the many ways fatherhood is defined—socially, legally, politically, and biologically—and explores the consequences and implications of the different means of establishing paternity, which, she observes, bequeaths not only one’s name but also identity, nationality, and legitimacy.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    A Broken Tree

    by bkjax October 15, 2019
    October 15, 2019

    It’s surely not hyperbole to say that “A Broken Tree: How DNA Exposed a Family’s Secrets”—a new book by Stephen F. Anderson—is the mother of all NPE (not parent expected) stories. It’s hard to imagine a more epic or stranger-than-fiction tale of misattributed parentage than this. Anderson stared down a series of family mysteries and over decades employed DNA and oral history in an attempt to solve them. He describes his family of nine children as nothing like the “Leave it to Beaver” family he grew up watching on television. He knew his was different, but it took decades to learn just how different. Because his mother, Linda, had little interest in settling down to raise kids and clean houses, and his father, Mark, a fire truck salesman, was on the road a great deal of the time, his older sisters took on much of the burden of caring for the younger children. There were rumors and whispers among the siblings of family secrets, but they were too disjointed and fragmentary to be understood. He turned to the person he most expected to have answers, but was rebuffed. He visited his oldest sister, Holly, to record stories about the family, and she refused to share a single recollection.

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  • BooksShort Takes

    Lost and Found: Dani Shapiro’s “Inheritance”

    by bkjax June 19, 2019
    June 19, 2019

    Author Dani Shapiro has explored family secrets from every angle in an exceptional decades-long writing career that until now yielded five novels and four memoirs. Revisiting those works, it’s tempting to believe everything she’s experienced and written has been prelude to her 10th book, the bestselling “Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love.” In an earlier memoir, for example, “Still Writing: The Perils and Pleasures of a Creative Life,” she describes herself in childhood as having been strangely aware unknowns were waiting to be discovered.

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Severance is a community for NPEs (people who’ve had a “not parent expected” experience), adoptees, and others who've been severed from biological family. It was founded and is edited by B.K. Jackson. Click here to learn more about the magazine, here to learn about the editor, and here for information about how to share your stories. Severance has no subscription fees, does not accept advertising, and includes no AI-generated copy for affiliate links.

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What’s New on Severance

  • Secrets
  • Knowing You, Knowing Me
  • Explanation is Not Obligation
  • Becoming After Betrayal
  • When the Questions Don’t Lead to the Right Answers
  • I Meet the Parents

After a DNA Surprise: 10 Things No One Wants to Hear

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abandonment adoptee adoptees adoptee stories adoption advocacy biological family birthmother books DNA DNA surprise DNA surprises DNA test DNA tests donor conceived donor conception essay Essays family secrets genetic genealogy genetic identity genetics grief heredity Late Discovery Adoptee late discovery adoptees Late Discovery Adoption meditation memoir MPE MPEs NPE NPEs podcasts psychology Q&A rejection research reunion search and reunion secrets and lies self care therapy transracial adoption trauma

Recommended Reading

The Lost Family: How DNA is Upending Who We Are, by Libby Copeland. Check our News & Reviews section for a review of this excellent book about the impact on the culture of direct-to-consumer DNA testing.

What Happens When Parents Wait to Tell a Child He’s Adopted

“A new study suggests that learning about one’s adoption after a certain age could lead to lower life satisfaction in the future.”

Janine Vance Searches for the Truth About Korean Adoptees

“Imagine for a minute that you don’t know who your mother is. Now imagine that you are that mother, and you don’t know what became of your daughter.”

Who’s Your Daddy? The Twisty History of Paternity Testing

“Salon talks to author Nara B. Milanich about why in the politics of paternity and science, context is everything.”

What Separation from Parents Does to Children: ‘The Effect is Catastrophic”

“This is what happens inside children when they are forcibly separated from their parents.”

Truth: A Love Story

“A scientist discovers his own family’s secret.”

Dear Therapist: The Child My Daughter Put Up for Adoption is Now Rejecting Her

“She thought that her daughter would want to meet her one day. Twenty-five years later, that’s not true.”

I’m Adopted and Pro-Choice. Stop Using My Story for the Anti-Abortion Agenda. Stephanie Drenka’s essay for the Huffington Post looks at the way adoptees have made unwilling participants in conversations about abortion.

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@2019 - Severance Magazine

Severance Magazine
  • About
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    • abandonment
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  • NEED HELP TELLING YOUR STORY?
Severance Magazine
  • About
    • About Severance
    • From the Editor
    • Submission Guidelines: How to Contribute
    • Contact Us
  • Articles
    • abandonment
    • Adoption
    • Advocacy
    • DNA & Genetic Genealogy
    • DNA Surprises
    • Donor Conception
    • Family Secrets
    • Genetics & Heredity
    • Interviews & Profiles
    • Late Discovery Adoptees
    • Psychology & Therapy
    • NPEs/MPEs
    • Search & Reunion
  • Essays & Fiction
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  • Short Takes
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    • Short Takes: Podcasts & Radio
  • Self Care & Coping
    • Coping Strategies
    • Self-Care
  • Speak Out
    • Micro-Memoirs
    • Your Video Stories
  • Resources
    • Start Here
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    • Adoption
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    • Donor Conception
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    • NPEs (Not parent expected) & MPEs (Misattributed parentage experience)
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@2019 - Severance Magazine